![تويتر \ Robin Brooks على تويتر: "@adam_tooze @IMFNews IMF potential GDP estimates for Italy (lhs) & Spain (rhs) illustrate the basic issue. Italy GDP stagnated for many years, so potential GDP "bends" تويتر \ Robin Brooks على تويتر: "@adam_tooze @IMFNews IMF potential GDP estimates for Italy (lhs) & Spain (rhs) illustrate the basic issue. Italy GDP stagnated for many years, so potential GDP "bends"](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ElBp5V_X0AEwN-W.png)
تويتر \ Robin Brooks على تويتر: "@adam_tooze @IMFNews IMF potential GDP estimates for Italy (lhs) & Spain (rhs) illustrate the basic issue. Italy GDP stagnated for many years, so potential GDP "bends"
Central Banks in a Shifting World”—Discussion of Evi Papa's Fiscal Rules, Policy and Macroeconomic Stabilization in the Euro Area
![Robin Brooks on Twitter: "Why has the ECB struggled to reflate the Euro zone for so long? Simplest reason is that the output gap is bigger than consensus estimates. The pre-2014 Phillips Robin Brooks on Twitter: "Why has the ECB struggled to reflate the Euro zone for so long? Simplest reason is that the output gap is bigger than consensus estimates. The pre-2014 Phillips](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EsgQs8PXcAIqP_r.png)
Robin Brooks on Twitter: "Why has the ECB struggled to reflate the Euro zone for so long? Simplest reason is that the output gap is bigger than consensus estimates. The pre-2014 Phillips
![Robin Brooks ar Twitter: "Campaign against Nonsense Output Gaps (CANOO): the IMF says Italy (IT) has basically the same output gap as Australia (AU), with GDP around 1.0% below potential in both Robin Brooks ar Twitter: "Campaign against Nonsense Output Gaps (CANOO): the IMF says Italy (IT) has basically the same output gap as Australia (AU), with GDP around 1.0% below potential in both](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELwjVMVWoAEEbzT.png)